The IlvGeographicCoordinateSystem class defines an ellipsoidal coordinate system where coordinates are specified as latitude and longitude on an ellipsoid, with an optional third coordinate which represents the ellipsoidal height (altitude above the ellipsoid).
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Longitude is specified in angular units from the prime meridian of the coordinate system. By convention, coordinates less than 180 degrees east of the prime meridian are positive, coordinates more than -180 degrees west are negative.
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Latitude is specified in angular units from the equator. By convention, northward latitudes are positive and southward coordinates are negative.
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The convention for representing the poles are longitude set to 0 and latitude set to 90 degrees for the north pole or -90 degrees for the south pole.
Figure 2.9 The Geographic Coordinate System